Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Nelson RJ[original query] |
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Health consequences of electric lighting practices in the modern world: A report on the National Toxicology Program's workshop on shift work at night, artificial light at night, and circadian disruption
Lunn RM , Blask DE , Coogan AN , Figueiro MG , Gorman MR , Hall JE , Hansen J , Nelson RJ , Panda S , Smolensky MH , Stevens RG , Turek FW , Vermeulen R , Carreon T , Caruso CC , Lawson CC , Thayer KA , Twery MJ , Ewens AD , Garner SC , Schwingl PJ , Boyd WA . Sci Total Environ 2017 607-608 1073-1084 The invention of electric light has facilitated a society in which people work, sleep, eat, and play at all hours of the 24-hour day. Although electric light clearly has benefited humankind, exposures to electric light, especially light at night (LAN), may disrupt sleep and biological processes controlled by endogenous circadian clocks, potentially resulting in adverse health outcomes. Many of the studies evaluating adverse health effects have been conducted among night- and rotating-shift workers, because this scenario gives rise to significant exposure to LAN. Because of the complexity of this topic, the National Toxicology Program convened an expert panel at a public workshop entitled "Shift Work at Night, Artificial Light at Night, and Circadian Disruption" to obtain input on conducting literature-based health hazard assessments and to identify data gaps and research needs. The Panel suggested describing light both as a direct effector of endogenous circadian clocks and rhythms and as an enabler of additional activities or behaviors that may lead to circadian disruption, such as night-shift work and atypical and inconsistent sleep-wake patterns that can lead to social jet lag. Future studies should more comprehensively characterize and measure the relevant light-related exposures and link these exposures to both time-independent biomarkers of circadian disruption and biomarkers of adverse health outcomes. This information should lead to improvements in human epidemiological and animal or in vitro models, more rigorous health hazard assessments, and intervention strategies to minimize the occurrence of adverse health outcomes due to these exposures. |
Declining trends in the proportion of non-viral sexually transmissible infections reported by STD clinics in the US, 2000-10
Owusu-Edusei K , Sayegh BJ , Harvey AJ , Nelson RJ . Sex Health 2014 11 (4) 340-4 BACKGROUND: Recent budget shortfalls may have resulted in decreases in the number of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) reported from sexually transmitted disease clinics (STDCs) in the United States (US). The objective of this study was to examine the proportion of cases reported from STDCs for three non-viral STIs in the last decade. METHODS: Data from the national surveillance database on primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia cases for 2000-10 were extracted. The percentage of cases reported by STDCs for the nation and for each of the 48 contiguous states were then computed. Finally, the chi(2) trend test for proportions was used to determine the annual average decrease/increase in the percentage of cases reported by STDCs for the nation and for each state. RESULTS: Results demonstrate that the average annual declines in the proportion of P&S syphilis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia cases reported from STDCs were 1.43% (P<0.01), 1.31% (P<0.01), and 0.31% (P<0.01), respectively. Additionally, most of the states with statistically significant trends (P<0.05) in the proportion of cases reported by STDCs had negative slopes: 86% (25/29) for P&S syphilis, 89% (34/38) for gonorrhoea, and 63% (27/43) for chlamydia. CONCLUSION: These results document the declining role of STDCs in STI prevention and control efforts in the US. Further studies are needed to assess the direct or indirect impact of the decline in the proportion of cases from STDCs on the overall STI control and prevention efforts in the US and its implications for the future. |
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